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Citrate buffers can be used for RNA isolation, thanks to its ability to prevent base hydrolysis. It also finds use in antigen detection by breaking cross-links between antigens and any substances in its fixation medium.

Citrate Buffer has been used as a heat-induced antigen retriever on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections prior to application of antibodies or DNA fluorescent in situ hybridization. In immunohistochemistry (IHC), most commonly used fixatives such as formalin mask tissue antigens (cellular, membrane, and nuclear) by their intrinsic crosslinking. This masking results in poor or no staining in IHC. The use of Citrate buffer, pH 6.0, or other antigen retrieval solutions on FFPE tissue sections improves accessibility of antibodies to tissue antigens.